“OPC” in Company Law
Secretarial Standards SS-1 and SS-2: Board Meetings and General Meetings
SS-1 governs board meetings and SS-2 governs general meetings of companies. Learn key requirements of these mandatory ICSI standards under Companies Act 2013.
Directors' Appointment and Removal Under Companies Act 2013: Section 149 to 170
Guide to appointment, tenure, vacation, disqualification and removal of directors under Companies Act 2013. Covers DIN requirement, DIR-2 consent, rotation, and Section 169 removal.
Loan to Director - Section 185 of Companies (Amendment) Act 2017
In this Research editorial, the author begins by referring to the provisions of Section 185 of the Companies Amendment Act, 2017 (Loan to Directors and entities in which directors are interested). The main focus of this research editorial on “Which are the entities to whom Company can give Loan...
Cash Flow Statement Under Section 2(40): Who Need Not Prepare One
A small company, a one person company and a dormant company are outside the requirement — the definition of financial statement leaves it out for them.
Internal Financial Controls Under Section 143(3)(i): The Private Carve-Out
The auditor must state whether the controls are adequate and operating effectively — except for start-ups, one person companies and smaller private companies.
Section 149: The Section That Builds the Board
Section 149 is where a board legally comes into existence. It fixes how many directors you need, who must be among them, and — from sub-section (6) onwards — everything about independent directors: who qualifies, how long they serve, what they're paid and when they're liable.
Company Registration in India: Complete Guide (2026)
Starting a business in India requires selecting the right legal structure and completing the company registration process as per government regulations. This guide covers everything—from types of companies to step-by-step registration, documents, costs, and compliance. What is Company...
Process of Conversion of OPC Into Private or Public Company
As proposed in Budget Speech in respect of amendment in the provision of One Person Company. MCA has introduced “Companies (Incorporation), Second Amendment Rules, 2021 on 1st February 2021. Most...
Annual Compliance Calendar - Companies Act, 2013 ONE PERSON COMPANY
Business owners, startups, professionals, and taxpayers dealing with Annual Compliance Calendar - should understand the applicable rules. Requirements can vary by turnover, entity type and activity, so it is best to confirm your specific case before proceeding.
ROC Filing Due Dates: The Complete List
Every ROC due date for a 31 March year end - fixed dates, AGM-linked filings, event-based clocks, the late fee slabs, and a month-by-month working calendar.
Penalties for Non-Compliance: A Section-wise Chart
Almost every penalty provision in the Companies Act reads "the company and every officer in default". If your company has no key managerial personnel — and most private companies don't — and your Board has never passed a resolution naming who the officer in default is, then the answer is: all of...
MCA Additional Fees for Late Filing
Additional fee and penalty are two different things, and paying one does not discharge the other. Every slab, the uncapped Rs 100 a day on annual filings, and the...
Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM): Process, Notice and Requisition Rights
EGM is called for urgent business between two AGMs. Learn about EGM convening by Board, requisition by members, court-ordered EGM, notice requirements and voting procedures.
Section 462 and the Private Company Exemption Notification
Every private company exemption comes from one notification under Section 462 - and one late annual filing removes all of them at once. How the power works and why it...
How can I incorporate a subsidiary of a foreign company in India?
Whenever anyone incorporates a Company in India as a ‘Subsidiary” or “Wholly-owned Subsidiary (WOS)” of a Company incorporated outside India. Many questions came into notice like: What are the...
Board Meetings under Section 173
The Board is where your company's decisions are legally made. Section 173 says how often it has to meet, Section 174 says when a meeting is validly constituted, and Section 118 with Secretarial Standard 1 says what has to be recorded.
Form INC-20A: Declaration of Commencement of Business
INC-20A is due within 180 days of incorporation - miss it and your company can't legally trade or borrow. What to attach, the fees, the penalty and the strike-off risk.
Form MGT-7A: The Abridged Annual Return
MGT-7A is due 60 days after your AGM. Who files it instead of MGT-7, what goes in, who signs, and why the Rs 100/day late fee has no cap at all.
SPICe+ Part A vs Part B: What Goes Where
Part A reserves the name, Part B incorporates the company. What each one asks for, the linked forms, the fees, and how to decide whether to file them together or...
Minimum Members, Directors and Capital for a Private Limited Company
Two members, two directors, no minimum capital. The provisions behind each number, the 182-day resident director rule, and why authorised capital deserves headroom...
AGM for a Private Limited Company (Section 96)
When your AGM is due, the nine-month first AGM rule, 21 clear days notice, quorum, how to get a GNL-1 extension - and why the first AGM can never be extended.
Checklist on Board's Report under the Companies Act, 2013
Business owners, startups, professionals, and taxpayers dealing with Checklist on Board s Report should understand the applicable rules. Requirements can vary by turnover, entity type and activity, so it is best to confirm your specific case before proceeding.
Benefits to Incorporate an LLP in India for MSME's
If you have chosen LLP for running your business? But don’t know what the actual benefits of forming LLP in India are. First of all, let’s understand in detail important things about LLP. LLP means...
Registered Office and Form INC-22
When INC-22 is needed, what to attach, how to change your registered office within a city, ROC or state - and the display rules under Section 12(3) most companies...