“Compliance” in Company Law
DIR-12: The Filing That Makes a Board Change Official
Until DIR-12 is filed, the Registrar's records still show the old board. Everything downstream depends on those records being right — who can sign a form, who is shown as a director in a due diligence, who a regulator writes to.
Secretarial Standards SS-1 and SS-2: Board Meetings and General Meetings
SS-1 governs board meetings and SS-2 governs general meetings of companies. Learn key requirements of these mandatory ICSI standards under Companies Act 2013.
Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) Under Companies Act 2013: Roles, Appointment and Liability
Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) under Section 203 of the Companies Act 2013 includes CEO/MD, CFO, CS, and whole-time director. Learn their mandatory appointment, qualifications, and personal liability.
Code of Conduct Under Regulation 17(5): Annual Affirmation and Website
The board must lay one down, it must carry the statutory duties of independent directors, everyone covered must affirm it every year, and it goes on the website.
DIR-3 KYC Is No Longer an Annual Filing
From 31 March 2026, DIR-3 KYC moved from an annual filing to once every three financial years, due 30 June. The notification, the new unified form, the next due date...
LLP Agreement - Essential Clauses to be included
What is the LLP Agreement? Section 2(1)(O) of the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 defines it as under: “LLP Agreements mean any written agreement between the partners of the Limited...
Independent Director under Companies Act 2013
An independent director is a director who is not appointed as an executive director in a company. In general words, an independent director means a director other than a managing director or a whole-time director or a nominee director who does not have any material or pecuniary relationship with...
Procedure for the formation of Sole proprietorship and HUF
In this article, we will discuss the procedure to form a HUF and Sole Proprietorship. Sole Proprietorship is managed and formed by one individual and HUF is a group of Family members for the purpose...
Who can digitally sign the Financial Statements of a Company?
Business owners, startups, professionals, and taxpayers dealing with Who can digitally sign should understand the applicable rules. Requirements can vary by turnover, entity type and activity, so it is best to confirm your specific case before proceeding.
Regulation 25: The Independent Director's Own Regulation
If you sit on a listed board, Regulation 25 is the provision written specifically about you. Everything else in the LODR is about the company; this one is about your caps, your meeting, your protection and your exit.
Audit Ceiling Under Section 141(3)(g): Twenty Companies and Exclusions
Twenty companies per auditor — but one person companies, dormant companies, small companies and smaller private companies are all left out of the count.
SEBI LODR: The Corporate Governance Requirements, Mapped
The corporate governance chapter of SEBI LODR explained — who it applies to, board composition, the mandatory committees, RPTs, disclosures, and what changed between...
Rule 9A for Unlisted Public Companies — Dematerialisation of Securities
Rule 9A of the Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules, 2014 requires every unlisted public company to issue securities only in dematerialised form. Its eleven sub-rules also carry the ISIN, fee, security deposit, PAS-6 and grievance machinery that Rule 9B later borrowed wholesale for private companies.
Compounding of Annual General Meeting (AGM)
SHORT SUMMARY: In this editorial author shall discuss the provisions of Compounding of AGM. Many professionals asked this question, How to go for compounding in case of holding of AGM after Due date.
Independent Director in India: The Complete Guide
Who must appoint an independent director, what makes a director independent, tenure and cooling-off, pay, duties under Schedule IV, and where personal liability...
Incorporation of Company with a Foreign Director in India
India has one of the fast-growing economies in the world and this can partly be credited to the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) inputs to the country and to globalization. A large number of foreign companies have started to set up their businesses here since the country provides them with seasoned...
Directors' Appointment and Removal Under Companies Act 2013: Section 149 to 170
Guide to appointment, tenure, vacation, disqualification and removal of directors under Companies Act 2013. Covers DIN requirement, DIR-2 consent, rotation, and Section 169 removal.
The IICA Proficiency Test: What It Actually Involves
The online proficiency self-assessment test for independent directors — 50% to pass, unlimited attempts, a two-year window, what the syllabus covers and how to...
Loan to Director - Section 185 of Companies (Amendment) Act 2017
In this Research editorial, the author begins by referring to the provisions of Section 185 of the Companies Amendment Act, 2017 (Loan to Directors and entities in which directors are interested). The main focus of this research editorial on “Which are the entities to whom Company can give Loan...
DIR-2, DIR-8, MBP-1 — and the Independence Declaration
The three forms every director signs, plus the Section 149(7) independence declaration — what each one says, exactly when it is due, where it is kept, and the...
Form PAS-6 Under Rule 9A and Rule 9B — Half-Yearly Reconciliation
Form PAS-6 is the half-yearly reconciliation of a company's issued capital against its capital held in dematerialised form. It is filed with the Registrar within sixty days from the conclusion of each half year, certified by a practising company secretary or chartered accountant, and Rule 9B(5) carries the obligation across to private companies.
Establishment of Branch Office of Foreign Company
Legal forms in which a foreign company can set up its establishment in India? Branch Office Liaison Office Project Office Corporate Entity which could be wholly or partly owned by the foreign...
Internal Financial Controls Under Section 143(3)(i): The Private Carve-Out
The auditor must state whether the controls are adequate and operating effectively — except for start-ups, one person companies and smaller private companies.
Cash Flow Statement Under Section 2(40): Who Need Not Prepare One
A small company, a one person company and a dormant company are outside the requirement — the definition of financial statement leaves it out for them.