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Customs — Guides, Updates & Practical Insights

Customs law, valuation, clearance and duty procedure for importers and exporters.

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The complete Customs guide

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CUSTOMS · COMPLETE GUIDE

Section 18 of the Customs Act, 1962: provisional assessment of duty

In four situations the proper officer may assess the duty provisionally, if the importer or exporter furnishes such security as the officer deems fit for the deficiency, if any, between the provisional and final duty. Since the Finance Act, 2025 the proper officer must finalise the provisional...

Updated 02 Oct 202611 min read✓ Reviewed
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Customs

Rules 1–4 of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: definitions, appointment of the designated authority and its duties

The rules came into force on 1 January 1995. Rule 2 defines domestic industry (producers as a whole, or those whose output is a major proportion, with related producers excluded in the cases the rule describes), interested party, like article and specified country. Rule 3 lets the Central...

8 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rules 5–9 of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: initiation, investigation principles, confidentiality and accuracy

The designated authority starts an investigation on a written application by or on behalf of the domestic industry, or suo motu on information from a Customs Commissioner or another source. It must not initiate if supporting producers account for less than twenty five per cent of total production...

7 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rule 10 and Annexure I of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: how normal value, export price and the margin of dumping are determined

Under rule 10, an article is dumped if exported to India at a price less than its normal value. The designated authority determines normal value, export price and the margin, taking into account, inter alia, the eight paragraphs of Annexure I. Costs normally come from the exporter's own records...

8 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rule 11 and Annexures II and III of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: determining injury and the non-injurious price

Under rule 11, the designated authority records a finding that imports from specified countries cause or threaten material injury, or materially retard the establishment of an industry. Annexure II requires an objective examination of volume, price effects and impact on producers, and a cumulative...

8 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rules 12–16 of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: preliminary findings, provisional duty, termination, price undertakings and disclosure

The designated authority records a preliminary finding and issues a public notice (rule 12). The Central Government may then impose a provisional duty not exceeding the margin of dumping, but not before sixty days from the public notice of initiation, and for not more than six months, extendable to...

7 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rules 17–21A of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: final findings, levy, commencement and refund

The designated authority must give its final finding within one year of initiation (extendable by the Central Government by six months in special circumstances). The Central Government may levy duty within three months of publication, not exceeding the margin of dumping. Duty takes effect from...

7 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rules 22–24 of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: new shipper margins, review and third-country dumping

Rule 22 gives exporters that did not export during the period of investigation and are not related to those subject to duty a periodical review for an individual margin. Rule 23 says duty stays only as long as needed and, for a definitive duty, runs for not more than five years unless a review...

7 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rules 25–28 of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: circumvention investigations and their review

Circumvention is a change in the pattern of trade caused by a practice, process or work with insufficient cause or economic justification other than the duty, where there is evidence of injury or undermined remedial effect and of dumping. Rule 25(2) lists assembly in India or elsewhere (with a...

6 min read03 Oct 2026
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Customs

Rules 1–5 of the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Countervailing Duty on Subsidized Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995: definitions, designated authority and country of origin

The rules came into force on 1 January 1995. Rule 2 defines domestic industry, interested party, like article, period of investigation and specified country. Rule 3 lets the Central Government appoint a designated authority not below Joint Secretary rank. Rule 4 gives it five duties, from...

7 min read03 Oct 2026

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