Regulation 44 explained: this guide covers what it means, who it applies to, the step-by-step process, documents required, fees, due dates and penalties in India — so you can stay compliant with confidence and avoid costly mistakes.
Every resolution put to shareholders of a listed company is voted electronically, and the outcome is a public filing in a prescribed format within two working days.
That combination is what makes shareholder voting in listed companies analysable. The format is why a proxy adviser can tell you how institutional investors voted on a remuneration resolution three years running.
The listed entity provides remote e-voting for all shareholder resolutions, in accordance with the Companies Act framework. Voting results are submitted to the stock exchange in the prescribed format within two working days of the conclusion of the meeting. Top 100 entities by market capitalisation must hold their AGM within five months of the financial year end and provide a one-way live webcast of shareholder meetings.
The e-voting obligation
All resolutions, at any general meeting, are put to vote through remote e-voting — before the meeting — with voting also available at the meeting itself for those who did not cast a vote remotely.
The mechanism is the one the Companies Act and its rules prescribe, operated through an authorised agency. What LODR adds is the filing discipline on the results.
The stakeholders relationship committee reviews the measures taken for effective exercise of voting rights by shareholders — which means the question is not whether the facility exists but whether it works. Email addresses that were never updated, a login process retail shareholders abandon, notices that reach holders too late to act — each defeats the facility while leaving it technically present. Stakeholders Relationship Committee →
Submitting the results
| Item | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Deadline | Within two working days of the conclusion of the meeting |
| Format | The format specified by SEBI |
| Filed with | The stock exchange |
| Also required | The scrutiniser's report, and the results on the website |
The prescribed format is granular. For each resolution it shows whether it was ordinary or special, the number of shares held by each category of shareholder — promoter and promoter group, public institutions, public non-institutions — the votes cast in favour and against, the invalid votes, and the percentages, separately for remote e-voting and for voting at the meeting.
That breakdown is the reason the filing is useful. A resolution passed on promoter votes alone with institutional investors voting against is visible in the numbers, and it is a different governance signal from one passed with broad support — even though both simply read "passed".
The top 100 obligations
Two additional requirements apply to the top 100 listed entities by market capitalisation, determined as at the end of the previous financial year:
AGM within five months of the end of the financial year — that is, by 31 August for a 31 March year end, rather than the 30 September outer limit the Companies Act allows.
A one-way live webcast of the proceedings of shareholder meetings.
The webcast requirement addresses a specific problem: a retail shareholder cannot travel to attend a meeting held in a distant registered office, and an AGM held in a location no shareholder can reach is technically compliant and practically closed. The webcast reopens it.
Where the voting result gets read against something else
Related party transactions. A material RPT is approved by shareholders with no related party voting. The voting result filing is where that is verified — a material RPT resolution showing promoter group votes cast is a visible failure. Related party transactions →
Independent director appointments and removals. Both need a special resolution, so the filing shows whether the three-fourths threshold was met and on whose votes. Independent directors →
Promoter reclassification. The resolution is voted with the applicant abstaining, and the filing evidences that. Promoter reclassification →
In each case the result filing is not merely an outcome record. It is the evidence of procedural compliance with a separate regulation, which is why the category-wise breakdown is prescribed rather than left to the company.
Key takeaways
- Remote e-voting for every resolution, with voting also available at the meeting.
- Two working days to file the results, in SEBI's format.
- Category-wise votes are what make the filing informative.
- The scrutiniser's report goes with it, and the results go on the website.
- Top 100: AGM within five months, not the Companies Act's outer limit.
- Top 100: one-way live webcast of shareholder meetings.
- The result filing evidences compliance with the RPT and special resolution rules.
Read next
- Regulation 34: The Annual Report and BRSR
- Regulation 23: Related Party Transactions and the Materiality Test
- Regulation 20: Stakeholders Relationship Committee
- Regulation 42: Fixing and Intimating the Record Date
Disclaimer: Positions stated as on 5 September 2026. Requirements keyed to market capitalisation rank are revised periodically — verify the current position on sebi.gov.in before relying on it.
Key Facts About Regulation 44
- Applies in: All states across India, under the relevant central law.
- Mode: Mostly online via the official government portal.
- Typical timeline: Ranges from a few days to a few weeks depending on the case.
- Non-compliance: May attract penalties, interest or late fees.
- Expert help: TaxClue completes the entire process end to end for you.
Is e-voting mandatory for listed companies?
Yes. The listed entity must provide remote e-voting for all shareholder resolutions, with voting also available at the meeting for those who have not voted remotely.
When must voting results be submitted to the stock exchange?
Within two working days of the conclusion of the general meeting, in the format specified by SEBI.
Over 90% of compliance penalties in India arise from missed due dates — timely handling can save businesses thousands of rupees each year.
Regulation 44: a key compliance topic in Indian tax and corporate law that businesses and individuals must understand to remain compliant.