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Guide · GST Rates

GST on Labour Contractor & Manpower Supply —
18% or RCM?

The correct GST rate for labour contractors, manpower and staffing, when reverse charge (RCM) applies on security services, ITC you can claim and the 194C TDS position.

TaxClue Editorial Desk Updated 18 August 2026 5 min read 17 FAQs answered
Updated for FY 2026-27 GST Expert Reviewed Contractors & Staffing Agencies
Quick Answer

Labour contractor and manpower supply services are taxed at 18% GST under SAC 9985 (support services), charged on the full invoice value — worker cost plus your margin. Security services supplied by a non-body-corporate to a registered body corporate attract 18% under Reverse Charge, so the recipient pays. Pure agricultural farm labour is exempt, and salary to your own employees is not a supply at all.

Labour / manpower 18%
Security → body corporate 18% RCM
Agricultural labour Exempt
Own employees Not a supply
At a glance

GST on Labour & Manpower — Decision Table

Every common labour, staffing and manpower scenario, with the rate, who pays and the applicable SAC code.

Type of SupplyGST RateChargeSAC
General labour / manpower supply18%Forward charge9985
Contract / temporary staffing18%Forward charge998513/14
Housekeeping & cleaning services18%Forward charge9985
Security services (agency is a body corporate)18%Forward charge9985
Security services (non-body-corp → body corporate)18%RCM recipient9985
Driver / cook / support staff supply18%Forward charge9985
Pure agricultural farm labourExempt9986
Salary to own employeesNot a supply

Labour and manpower are services under SAC 9985 at 18% — this rate was not changed by the GST 2.0 rationalisation effective 22 September 2025. Confirm on the official GST portal before invoicing.

The RCM trap

Reverse Charge on Security Services

Security service (supply of security personnel) is the one manpower service under Reverse Charge. Under Notification 13/2017-CT(R), when a registered body corporate receives security services from any supplier other than a body corporate, the recipient — not the agency — pays 18% GST directly to the government.

Security agencyNot a body corporate · unregistered/proprietor
Company (recipient)Registered body corporate
RCMCompany self-pays 18% in GSTR-3B 3.1(d)
ITCCompany claims the same 18% as credit

RCM does not apply if the security agency is itself a body corporate (company/LLP) or if the recipient is unregistered or a composition dealer. General labour, housekeeping and staffing do not fall under RCM — they are ordinary forward-charge supplies at 18%.

18%

Forward charge — agency bills GST

  • General labour & manpower supply
  • Contract / temporary staffing
  • Housekeeping, cleaning, cook, driver
  • Security when the agency is a body corporate
  • Agency collects & deposits the 18%
vs
RCM

Security to a body corporate

  • Agency is NOT a body corporate
  • Recipient is a registered company / LLP
  • Recipient self-pays 18% under RCM
  • Reported in GSTR-3B Table 3.1(d)
  • ITC of the RCM tax is claimable
Missed RCM is a common notice trigger

Companies engaging an unregistered or proprietor-run security agency often forget to self-pay RCM. The tax must be paid in cash (not from ITC), reported in GSTR-3B 3.1(d), and only then claimed back as ITC — skipping it invites interest and penalty on audit.

Engaging a security or manpower agency? Get your RCM & ITC position checked.

Talk to a GST Expert →
Common confusion

Salary, Reimbursement or Taxable Supply?

Whether GST applies turns on the relationship. Salary to your own employees is outside GST (Schedule III — employer-employee is not a supply). But when you place workers with a client who directs their work, the entire billing — wages plus your margin — is a taxable manpower supply at 18%.

18% Manpower supply invoice

Worker wages billed₹1,00,000
Contractor margin₹15,000
GST @ 18% on ₹1,15,000₹20,700
Client pays₹1,35,700

Own-employee salary

Salary paid to employee₹1,00,000
PF / ESI employer shareNo GST
GST₹0
GST outgo₹0
TaxClue Insight — don't split the salary line

A "pure agent" reimbursement of exact wages can escape GST, but the conditions in Rule 33 are strict and rarely met by a labour contractor. In practice the safe position is to charge 18% on the total invoice; separating salary without airtight documentation is a frequent audit dispute.

Not sure if your billing model is GST-safe? Let us structure your invoices.

Get Manpower GST Advice →
Credit & deductions

ITC You Can Claim & the 194C TDS

A registered labour contractor charging 18% can claim Input Tax Credit on genuine business inputs, subject to the blocked-credit rules in Section 17(5).

ExpenseITC?Reason
Office rent, software, professional feesYesUsed in the course of business
Advertising, mobile & internetYesOrdinary business inputs
Work uniforms supplied to workersYesUsed for taxable supply
Personal car (< 13 seats)NoBlocked — Section 17(5)(a)
Food, beverages, outdoor cateringNoBlocked — Section 17(5)(b)
RCM paid on inward security serviceYesClaimable after cash payment

PF and ESI contributions carry no GST, so no ITC arises on them.

  • Section 194C TDS — the client deducts 1% (individual/HUF) or 2% (others) on payments to a contractor once a single bill exceeds ₹30,000 or the yearly aggregate exceeds ₹1 lakh.
  • GST is charged on the value before income-tax TDS; the two are independent.
  • The client may also deduct 2% GST-TDS under Section 51 if it is a government body or notified entity.
Stay compliant

Labour Contractor GST Compliance Checklist

Registration is mandatory once aggregate turnover crosses ₹20 lakh (₹10 lakh in special-category states), and immediately for any inter-state supply of manpower regardless of turnover.

  • GST registration (GSTIN)
  • Correct SAC 9985 classification
  • Tax invoice on full billing value
  • RCM self-assessment on inward security
  • GSTR-1 (outward supplies)
  • GSTR-3B — including 3.1(d) RCM
  • ITC reconciliation with GSTR-2B
  • 194C TDS reconciliation
  • PF / ESI compliance for workers
  • E-invoicing (if turnover applies)
  • GSTR-9 annual return
  • Books & records upkeep

You must register if

  • Aggregate turnover crosses ₹20 lakh (₹10 lakh special states)
  • You supply manpower inter-state
  • You supply through an e-commerce operator
  • A client requires a GST invoice for ITC

Watch out for

  • Forgetting RCM on unregistered security agencies
  • Splitting salary to dodge GST without Rule 33 proof
  • Claiming blocked ITC on cars, food or personal use
  • Mismatching 194C TDS and GST turnover
TaxClue Insight

The biggest labour-contractor errors are not rate errors — they are RCM omissions on security services and salary-splitting without documentation. Getting the invoice structure right upfront protects both you and your client from joint liability.

Government sourcesRates & notifications: gst.gov.in · CBIC rate finder: cbic-gst.gov.in · Security-services RCM: Notification 13/2017-CT(R), as amended · Blocked credits: Section 17(5), CGST Act 2017
People also ask

Frequently Asked Questions

Rates & SAC
What is the GST rate on labour contractor services?
Labour contractor and manpower supply services are taxed at 18% GST under SAC 9985 (support services). This covers pure labour supply, factory and construction labour, housekeeping, cleaning and staffing. The 18% is charged on the full invoice value — worker wages plus the contractor's margin. Manpower is a service, so this rate was not changed by the GST 2.0 rationalisation effective 22 September 2025.
What is the GST rate on manpower supply?
Manpower supply is charged at 18% GST under SAC 9985, with sub-codes such as 998513 (contract staffing) and 998514 (temporary staffing). There is no lower slab for manpower — whether the workers are skilled, semi-skilled or unskilled, the supply of manpower to a client who directs their work is taxed at 18%.
What is the SAC code for labour supply?
The primary SAC for labour and manpower supply is 9985 (support services). Specific sub-codes include 998513 for contract staffing, 998514 for temporary staffing and 998519 for other employment and labour supply. All of them carry 18% GST.
Is GST 12% or 18% on labour charges?
It is 18% for pure labour and manpower supply under SAC 9985. There is no 12% rate for supplying manpower. A 12% or 5% rate can apply only to a works contract or a composite supply of goods plus labour (for example certain construction works), which is a different classification from pure labour supply.
Reverse Charge
Who pays GST on security guard services?
It depends on the security agency. If the agency is a body corporate (company or LLP), it charges 18% GST on its invoice under forward charge. If the agency is not a body corporate — a proprietor or partnership — and the recipient is a registered body corporate, the recipient pays 18% GST under Reverse Charge and the agency does not charge it. The recipient reports this in GSTR-3B Table 3.1(d).
Is RCM applicable on housekeeping and manpower supply?
No. Reverse Charge applies only to security services (supply of security personnel), not to general manpower, housekeeping, cleaning or staffing. Those are ordinary forward-charge supplies where the agency charges 18% GST on its invoice. Only security personnel supplied by a non-body-corporate to a registered body corporate falls under RCM.
Can I claim ITC on RCM paid for security services?
Yes. When you pay 18% GST under RCM on inward security services, you can claim it back as Input Tax Credit in the same period, provided the service is used for your business. The catch is that the RCM tax must first be paid in cash (it cannot be set off against existing ITC) and reported in GSTR-3B 3.1(d) before the credit is taken.
Does RCM apply if the security agency is GST-registered?
RCM turns on whether the agency is a body corporate, not merely on registration. If the agency is a company or LLP it charges GST under forward charge even though it is registered. RCM applies when the agency is a proprietor or partnership (non-body-corporate) supplying to a registered body corporate. A registered proprietor agency to a company still triggers RCM on the recipient.
ITC & TDS
Can a labour contractor claim ITC on business expenses?
Yes. A registered labour contractor charging 18% can claim ITC on office rent, software, professional fees, advertising, mobile/internet and uniforms supplied to workers, since these are used in the course of business. ITC is blocked under Section 17(5) on personal cars under 13 seats, and on food, beverages and outdoor catering. Net GST payable is the 18% charged to clients minus eligible ITC.
What is the TDS on labour contractor payments?
Under Section 194C of the Income-tax Act, the client deducts TDS at 1% (individual/HUF contractor) or 2% (others) on payments to a labour contractor once a single payment exceeds ₹30,000 or the yearly aggregate exceeds ₹1 lakh. This income-tax TDS is separate from GST — GST is charged on the value before TDS is deducted.
Is GST charged on the salary component of a labour bill?
In practice, yes. When you supply manpower to a client, GST at 18% applies to the whole invoice — wages plus margin — because it is a single manpower service. A pure-agent reimbursement of exact wages can escape GST, but the Rule 33 conditions are strict and rarely met, so the safe position is to charge 18% on the total and not split the salary line.
Salary & Employees
Is GST applicable on salary paid to workers?
No. Salary paid to your own employees is not a supply under GST — the employer-employee relationship is excluded by Schedule III of the CGST Act. GST arises only when you supply those workers to a third-party client as a manpower service, in which case 18% applies to the billing, not to the salary paid internally.
Is GST payable on PF and ESI contributions?
No. Statutory PF (employer 12%) and ESI (employer 3.25%) contributions are not a supply and carry no GST, whether you pay them for your own staff or for contract workers. Consequently no ITC arises on them. Only the manpower service you bill to the client is taxable at 18%.
Special Cases
Is GST applicable on agricultural labour supply?
Pure agricultural labour supplied for farm operations (cultivation, harvesting, related farm work) is exempt under the agricultural exemption, classified under SAC 9986. The exemption is specific to genuine agricultural operations — general labour hired by an agri-business for non-farm activities such as processing or packing is taxed at 18%.
Is GST applicable on labour supply to government?
Generally yes, at 18%. Supplying manpower to a government department is a taxable service and does not enjoy a blanket exemption. A narrow exemption exists for certain pure services (no goods element) provided to government in relation to functions entrusted to a Panchayat or Municipality, but ordinary labour or security supply to government is taxed at 18%.
When must a labour contractor register for GST?
Registration is mandatory once aggregate turnover crosses ₹20 lakh in a financial year (₹10 lakh in special-category states). It is also mandatory, regardless of turnover, if you make any inter-state supply of manpower or supply through an e-commerce operator. Many contractors also register voluntarily so clients can claim ITC on their invoices.
What is the difference between contract staffing and PEO for GST?
In contract staffing the contractor supplies workers and the client directs them; GST at 18% applies to the full billing (wages plus margin). A PEO or payroll-processing model, if structured as a salary passthrough plus a management fee, is generally charged 18% on the management fee only. The structure decides the taxable value, so documentation must clearly reflect it.
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