Register of Charges explained: this guide covers what Register of Charges means, who it applies to, the step-by-step process, documents required, fees, due dates and penalties in India — so you can stay compliant with confidence and avoid costly mistakes.
Overview
Section 85 requires every company to maintain a Register of Charges at its registered office, containing particulars of all charges on the company's assets.
Legal Framework
The requirement for this document arises from the Companies Act, 2013 and its associated Rules. Non-compliance with the prescribed format or content requirements may result in rejection by the ROC, penalties on the company and officers in default, or the underlying transaction being rendered void or voidable.
Applicability
| Company Type | Required? | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Private Limited | Yes | Some relaxations for Small Companies |
| Public Limited | Yes | Additional requirements for listed companies |
| OPC | Yes, with modifications | Simplified requirements in some cases |
| Section 8 | Yes | May have additional requirements under license conditions |
Format / Template
The following format is illustrative and must be customized to the specific requirements of your company. It does not constitute professional advice. Obtain independent professional review before use.
CIN:
Registered Office:
REGISTER OF CHARGES (SECTION 85)
Particulars to be included:
1. Name and CIN of the company
2. Date and reference number
3. Details as required by the specific section/rule
4. Signature of authorized person
5. Date and place of execution
For
Date: | Place:
Key Requirements and Best Practices
- Ensure the document complies with the latest amendments to the Companies Act, 2013 and Rules
- All signatures must be of authorized persons -- directors, company secretary, or authorized representatives
- Maintain proper records and file copies at the registered office
- Where documents need to be filed with ROC, ensure they are in the prescribed electronic format (usually PDF)
- Keep a timestamp record of when the document was created, signed, and filed
- For documents requiring stamp duty, ensure proper stamping as per the applicable state laws
- Where notarization or apostille is required (especially for foreign directors), complete this before filing
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using outdated formats: Rules and forms are frequently amended. Always use the latest prescribed format.
- Missing mandatory fields: Each document has specific mandatory fields. Omission leads to rejection.
- Incorrect signatures: Only authorized persons should sign. Verify signatory authority before execution.
- Not maintaining copies: Keep signed copies at the registered office for inspection.
- Ignoring stamp duty: Certain documents require proper stamping. Unstamped documents may not be admissible as evidence.
Related MCA Forms
After preparing this document, the following MCA forms may need to be filed:
- MGT-14: For filing resolutions (if the document was authorized by a Special Resolution or specified Board Resolution)
- Relevant event-specific form: Such as DIR-12 (director changes), SH-7 (capital changes), CHG-1 (charges), etc.
- GNL-1/GNL-2: For general filings and submissions not covered by specific forms