PMT explained: this guide covers what it means, who it applies to, the step-by-step process, documents required, fees, due dates and penalties in India — so you can stay compliant with confidence and avoid costly mistakes.
Depositing under the wrong head is an easy mistake — IGST instead of CGST, cess instead of tax, interest instead of penalty. Before PMT-09 it meant a refund claim under s.54 and a fresh deposit, with the money out of reach for months.
Section 49(10): a registered person may, on the common portal, transfer any amount of tax, interest, penalty, fee or any other amount available in the electronic cash ledger to the electronic cash ledger for integrated tax, central tax, State tax, Union territory tax or cess, in the prescribed form and manner. Rule 87(13): the transfer is made in FORM GST PMT-09, and such transfer is deemed to be a refund from the ledger from which the amount is transferred.
What can be moved
Between tax heads — IGST, CGST, SGST, UTGST, cess.
Between minor heads within a head — tax, interest, penalty, fee, others.
Any combination of the two — from IGST-tax to CGST-interest, for instance.
The only requirement is that the amount is available in the cash ledger, that is, unutilised.
What cannot be moved
Credit ledger balances. PMT-09 operates on the cash ledger only. Input tax credit sitting under CGST cannot be moved to SGST, and no form permits it. The order-of-utilisation rules in s.49A and Rule 88A are the only mechanism for directing credit, and they operate at the point of payment, not by transfer. Order of utilisation →
Amounts already utilised. Once debited against a liability, the amount has left the ledger.
Amounts under a Rule 86A block — that restriction applies to the credit ledger, but a blocked or attached cash balance is likewise unavailable.
The distinct-person limitation
Section 49(10) as substituted by the Finance Act, 2022, and the corresponding proviso, permit transfer of the cash ledger balance to the cash ledger of a distinct person as specified in s.25(4) or (5), subject to conditions.
Rule 87(14) carries the condition: the transfer to a distinct person under s.49(10) shall not be allowed where the registered person has any unpaid liability in his electronic liability register.
So a group with surplus cash in one State's ledger and a shortfall in another can move it — provided the transferring registration has no outstanding liability.
Two practical points:
It is one-directional per transaction. The transfer is from the transferor's cash ledger to the transferee's, and it is treated as a refund from the first and a deposit in the second under s.49(11).
It does not work for the credit ledger. A group cannot rebalance credit across States. That remains the principal argument against taking more registrations than necessary. Rule 11: separate registration →
The alternative: refund of excess cash balance
Where PMT-09 does not fit — a business winding down, or a balance not needed under any head — the route is a refund of the excess balance in the electronic cash ledger under s.49(6) read with s.54.
Features:
- filed in FORM GST RFD-01 under the category "refund of excess balance in the electronic cash ledger";
- no unjust enrichment test applies, because the money is the taxpayer's own deposit, not tax collected from anyone;
- the two-year limit in s.54(1) runs from the date of payment;
- Rule 89(2) requires minimal documentation for this category, since the ledger itself is the evidence.
A common practical question is whether to transfer or refund. Transfer is faster and keeps the money in the system; refund returns it to the bank account but takes the s.54 processing cycle. Where the amount will be needed within a few months under another head, PMT-09 is the better route.
Practical notes
- Check the head before depositing, not after. The PMT-06 challan requires the head to be selected, and the portal does not validate it against the liability.
- Transfer before the liability arises, so the ledger has the amount under the right head when the return is filed.
- A wrong-head deposit does not attract interest relief. Interest under s.50 depends on the liability being discharged, and money sitting under the wrong head has not discharged anything — though the Rule 88B(1) proviso may assist where the amount was credited to the cash ledger before the due date and simply needs moving. Section 50: interest on the cash portion →
- Distinct-person transfers require a clean liability register at the transferor's end.
- Keep the PMT-09 acknowledgement with the return working papers; the ledger shows the transfer but the reason for it is not recorded.
Key takeaways
- PMT-09 transfers amounts within the electronic cash ledger, between major and minor heads.
- Rule 87(13): the transfer is deemed a refund from the source head and a deposit in the destination head.
- It cannot move credit ledger balances — no form permits that.
- Transfers to a distinct person are permitted, but not where the transferor has an unpaid liability in its liability register.
- The alternative is a refund of excess cash ledger balance under s.49(6) and s.54, with no unjust enrichment test.
- A wrong-head deposit does not by itself discharge a liability or stop interest.
Read next
- PMT-09: Transfer Amount Between Tax Heads
- The Three Electronic Ledgers and What Each Can Pay
- Refund of Excess Balance in the Electronic Cash Ledger
- Order of Utilisation: Sections 49A, 49B and Rule 88A
Disclaimer: Positions stated as on 5 September 2026, based on the CGST Act and Rules as amended to 31 March 2026 (ICAI Bare Law, 12th edition).