Difference Between TM explained: this guide covers what it means, who it applies to, the step-by-step process, documents required, fees, due dates and penalties in India — so you can stay compliant with confidence and avoid costly mistakes.
The ™, ® and © symbols mean different things in intellectual property. Here is what each indicates.
What each means
- ™ — an unregistered trademark (used while the application is pending)
- ® — a registered trademark (only after registration)
- © — copyright in a creative work
Usage rules
- Use ™ once you file or claim a mark
- Use ® only after the trademark is registered
- Use © with the year and owner name on creative works
Note
Using ® on an unregistered mark is a legal offence.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between TM and R symbols?
™ is an unregistered mark; ® is used only after the trademark is registered.
What does the © symbol mean?
It denotes copyright in a creative work.
Can I use ® before registration?
No — using ® on an unregistered mark is an offence.
When can I use ™?
As soon as you file or claim the trademark.
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