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Guide · TDS

Section 194Q — TDS on Purchase of Goods

When a buyer must deduct 0.1% TDS on purchase of goods, the Rs 50 lakh threshold, the Rs 10 crore turnover test, the no-PAN 5% rate and what changed after TCS u/s 206C(1H) was withdrawn.

Written by
TaxClue Editorial Desk
Updated
18 August 2026
Reading time
4 min
Questions
15 answered
  • Updated August 2026
  • CA reviewed
  • Buyer & seller guide
Quick Answer

A buyer whose total turnover exceeded Rs 10 crore in the preceding financial year must deduct 0.1% TDS under Section 194Q on purchase of goods from a resident seller, but only on the value that exceeds Rs 50 lakh from that seller in the year. If the seller has not given a PAN, the rate is 5% (Section 206AA). TDS is deducted at credit or payment, whichever is earlier, and applies from 1 July 2021.

The rule

Section 194Q — Rate, Threshold & When It Applies

Section 194Q casts the deduction duty on the buyer. Both tests must be met: the buyer must be large enough (turnover test) and the purchase from the single seller must be big enough (Rs 50 lakh threshold). TDS is charged only on the slice above Rs 50 lakh — not on the first Rs 50 lakh.

ConditionRequirement (FY 2025-26)
Who must deductBuyer with turnover > Rs 10 crore in the preceding FY
When to deductPurchase from a single resident seller > Rs 50 lakh in the FY
Standard rate0.1% on the amount exceeding Rs 50 lakh
Seller has no PAN5% (Section 206AA)
Timing of deductionAt credit to the seller's account or payment — whichever is earlier
Applies toAll goods — capital goods, raw material, trading stock, consumables
Does NOT apply toServices, imports, securities/commodities on a recognised exchange

Effective 1 July 2021. Under the new Income-tax Act, 2025 (AY 2026-27), this provision is re-numbered as Section 393(1); the familiar "194Q" tag remains in common use.

What changed for FY 2025-26

The old 20% non-filer rate under Section 206AB no longer applies — Section 206AB (and 206CCA) were omitted from 1 April 2025 by the Finance Act 2025. So today a seller's non-filing of ITR does not push the 194Q rate higher; only the no-PAN 5% rate under 206AA can apply above the normal 0.1%.

Buyer TDS vs seller TCS

Section 194Q vs Section 206C(1H)

Section 206C(1H) required the seller to collect 0.1% TCS on sale of goods above Rs 50 lakh. It overlapped with 194Q, and the rule was that 194Q took priority — if the buyer deducted TDS, the seller did not collect TCS. That overlap is now history.

206C(1H) TCS on goods withdrawn from 1 April 2025

The Finance Act 2025 omitted Section 206C(1H) with effect from 1 April 2025. For FY 2025-26 onward, sellers no longer collect TCS on sale of goods — Section 194Q now stands alone for goods transactions. The comparison below is retained for FY 2024-25 and earlier records.

Feature194Q (TDS · buyer)206C(1H) (TCS · seller)
Who actsBuyer deducts TDSSeller collects TCS
Turnover testBuyer > Rs 10 croreSeller > Rs 10 crore
Rate0.1%0.1%
ThresholdPurchase > Rs 50L from one sellerReceipts > Rs 50L from one buyer
If both applied194Q won; seller need not collect TCS—
Return formForm 26QForm 27EQ
Status FY 2025-26In forceOmitted 1 Apr 2025

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Worked example

How Much 194Q TDS — a Simple Calculation

A manufacturer (buyer, turnover Rs 40 crore last year) buys goods worth Rs 90 lakh from one supplier during the year. TDS applies only on the amount above Rs 50 lakh.

Seller has PAN (0.1%)

Total purchase in FYRs 90,00,000
Less: thresholdRs 50,00,000
Taxable amountRs 40,00,000
TDS @ 0.1%Rs 4,000

Seller without PAN (5%)

Total purchase in FYRs 90,00,000
Less: thresholdRs 50,00,000
Taxable amountRs 40,00,000
TDS @ 5%Rs 2,00,000
Deduct on the excess, not the whole purchase

194Q TDS is only on the value above Rs 50 lakh from that seller — here on Rs 40 lakh, not Rs 90 lakh. Collect the seller's PAN before crossing the threshold; missing PAN multiplies the tax 50 times (5% vs 0.1%).

Deposit & return

194Q Compliance — Deposit, Return & Penalty

  • Deduct 0.1% at credit or payment, whichever is earlier
  • Deposit via challan-cum-statement (ITNS 281) by the 7th of the next month
  • March deductions: deposit by 30 April
  • File TDS return in Form 26Q every quarter (31 Jul, 31 Oct, 31 Jan, 31 May)
  • Issue Form 16A to the seller within 15 days of the return due date
  • Seller then claims the TDS credit via Form 26AS / AIS in the ITR
Cost of not deducting

Failure to deduct or deposit 194Q TDS attracts interest of 1% / 1.5% per month and disallowance of 30% of the purchase expense under Section 40(a)(ia), plus late-fee under Section 234E for a late return.

Sources
  1. Section 194Q text & FAQs: incometax.gov.in
  2. CBDT Circular 13/2021 (guidelines on 194Q, 206C(1H), 206AB)
  3. Omission of 206AB / 206CCA & 206C(1H): Finance Act 2025 (eff. 1 Apr 2025)
  4. No-PAN 5% rate: Section 206AA, Income-tax Act 1961

Disclaimer: This guide is general information based on the law and notifications in force when it was last updated. It is not professional advice for your case — rates, thresholds and due dates change, so check the current position or speak to our CA team before you act on it.

People also ask

Section 194Q — Frequently Asked Questions

Short, direct answers to the 15 questions readers ask most on this topic.

Section 194Q requires a buyer to deduct TDS at 0.1% on purchase of goods from a resident seller. It applies only if the buyer's total turnover, gross receipts or sales exceeded Rs 10 crore in the immediately preceding financial year. TDS is charged on the value that exceeds Rs 50 lakh from a single seller in the current year. The section has been in force since 1 July 2021 and covers goods only — not services or imports.

The standard rate is 0.1% of the purchase value exceeding Rs 50 lakh from one seller in the year, where the buyer's turnover crossed Rs 10 crore in the preceding year. If the seller has not furnished a PAN, the rate rises to 5% under Section 206AA. For FY 2025-26 there is no longer any higher non-filer rate, because Section 206AB was omitted from 1 April 2025.

No. Until FY 2024-25, Section 206AB imposed a higher TDS rate (up to 5% and in some cases more) if the seller had not filed ITR for a specified period. The Finance Act 2025 omitted Sections 206AB and 206CCA with effect from 1 April 2025. So for FY 2025-26 onward, a seller's non-filing of ITR does not raise the 194Q rate; only the no-PAN 5% rate under Section 206AA can apply above 0.1%.

Only on the amount exceeding Rs 50 lakh from that seller in the financial year. If you buy goods worth Rs 90 lakh from one supplier, TDS at 0.1% is deducted on Rs 40 lakh (Rs 90L minus Rs 50L), which is Rs 4,000 — not on the whole Rs 90 lakh. The first Rs 50 lakh is always outside the net for each seller.

The Rs 10 crore test looks at the buyer's total sales, turnover or gross receipts from business in the financial year immediately preceding the year of purchase. If that figure exceeds Rs 10 crore, the buyer is liable to deduct 194Q TDS in the current year. The current year's turnover is not relevant for the test.

Per seller. The Rs 50 lakh limit is computed separately for each seller. You aggregate all purchases from one seller in the year and deduct 194Q TDS only once the total from that seller crosses Rs 50 lakh. A different seller gets a fresh Rs 50 lakh threshold.

Section 194Q makes the buyer deduct 0.1% TDS on purchase of goods, while Section 206C(1H) made the seller collect 0.1% TCS on sale of goods. Both used a Rs 50 lakh threshold and a Rs 10 crore turnover test. Where both could apply, 194Q took priority and the seller did not collect TCS. However, Section 206C(1H) was omitted from 1 April 2025, so from FY 2025-26 only 194Q applies to goods.

No. From 1 April 2025, TCS on sale of goods under Section 206C(1H) has been withdrawn entirely, so the question of overlap no longer arises. For FY 2025-26, the buyer deducts 194Q TDS where applicable and the seller collects no TCS on the goods sale. For FY 2024-25 and earlier, 194Q took priority and the seller was relieved from collecting TCS once the buyer deducted TDS.

Yes. Section 194Q applies to all goods — capital goods, plant and machinery, raw materials, trading stock and consumables. There is no goods-type exemption, unlike some other TDS sections. The only carve-outs are transactions in securities or commodities through a recognised stock/commodity exchange, and transactions already covered by another TDS provision such as 194-O for e-commerce.

No. Section 194Q applies only to purchases from a resident seller. TDS under 194Q does not apply to goods imported from a seller outside India, because the seller is a non-resident. Cross-border payments are governed by Section 195 and related provisions instead.

Where GST on goods is shown separately in the invoice or agreement, TDS under Section 194Q is to be deducted on the value excluding GST (per CBDT Circular 13/2021). If the GST component is not separately indicated and the payment is made on the whole invoice value, TDS is deducted on the entire amount, including GST.

Deduct 0.1% at the time of credit to the seller or payment, whichever is earlier. Deposit the tax through challan ITNS 281 by the 7th of the following month (for March, by 30 April). File a quarterly TDS return in Form 26Q by 31 July, 31 October, 31 January and 31 May, then issue Form 16A to the seller within 15 days of the return due date. You need a valid TAN to deduct and report TDS.

Non-deduction or non-deposit attracts interest at 1% per month for failure to deduct and 1.5% per month for failure to deposit after deduction, plus a possible late-filing fee under Section 234E. More importantly, 30% of the purchase expense can be disallowed under Section 40(a)(ia) while computing the buyer's business income, increasing taxable profit.

Yes. Any person deducting TDS, including under Section 194Q, must obtain a Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number (TAN) and quote it on challans, returns and certificates. If you do not have one, apply for TAN before you start deducting; the seller's PAN is separately required to avoid the 5% no-PAN rate.

The TDS you deduct and deposit is reflected in the seller's Form 26AS and Annual Information Statement (AIS) once you file Form 26Q. The seller then claims that amount as a credit against their income-tax liability while filing the income-tax return, and any excess is refunded.