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Guide · GST Rates

GST on Building Material —
Cement Now 18%

The correct GST rate and HSN code for cement, steel, bricks, tiles, sand, marble and every major construction material after the GST 2.0 reform — plus works-contract rates and builder ITC rules.

TaxClue Editorial Desk Updated 18 August 2026 4 min read 16 FAQs answered
Updated for GST 2.0 GST Expert Reviewed Builders & Contractors
Quick Answer

After the GST 2.0 reform (effective 22 September 2025), cement now attracts 18% GST — cut from the earlier 28%. Steel TMT bars, tiles, paints, PVC pipes, glass and plywood are taxed at 18%; sand, gravel and fly-ash bricks at 5%; clay bricks at 6% (no ITC) or 12% (with ITC) under the brick special scheme. Builder ITC on materials is generally blocked under Section 17(5)(d) for property sold after completion.

Cement 18%
Steel / tiles 18%
Sand & gravel 5%
Clay bricks 6% / 12%
At a glance

GST Rate List — Building & Construction Materials

Current GST rate and HSN code for every major construction material, reflecting the GST 2.0 two-slab structure. Verify the exact classification on the official portal before invoicing.

MaterialHSNGST RateNotes
Cement (all types)252318%Cut from 28% — Portland, white, blended
Steel TMT / rebar7213 / 721418%Angles, channels, beams, wire rods
Sand (natural / M-sand)25055%River sand, manufactured sand
Gravel / crushed stone25175%Aggregate for concrete
Clay bricks (burnt)69016% / 12%Brick special scheme: 6% no ITC / 12% with ITC
Fly-ash bricks68155%Eco-friendly alternative
AAC blocks (autoclaved)681012%Lightweight building blocks
Ceramic / vitrified tiles690718%Floor & wall tiles
Marble & granite (polished)680218%Cut from 28%; rough blocks 5%
Paints & varnishes3208 / 320918%Cut from 28% — emulsion, enamel, primer
PVC pipes & fittings391718%Plumbing & drainage
Plywood / blockboard441218%Interior woodwork
Glass (flat / toughened)7005 / 700718%Windows, facades
Electrical wires & cables854418%Wiring, conduits
Aluminium doors / windows761018%Sections & profiles
Waterproofing / admixtures382418%Chemical compounds, RMC

Rates reflect the GST 2.0 rationalisation effective 22 September 2025. Confirm on gst.gov.in / cbic-gst.gov.in before invoicing.

Not sure of the right HSN or rate for a material you trade in?

Get My GST Rate →
What changed on 22 Sep 2025

GST 2.0 — Materials That Got Cheaper

The GST 2.0 reform collapsed the old four-slab structure into a two-slab (5% / 18%) system and removed the 28% slab for most goods. For construction, the headline change is cement dropping from 28% to 18% — the single largest material-cost driver in Indian building.

Before

Old slabs (up to 21 Sep 2025)

  • Cement — 28%
  • Marble & granite (polished) — 28%
  • Paints & varnishes — 28%
  • Four-slab structure (5/12/18/28)
  • Higher embedded cost in projects
vs
Now

GST 2.0 (from 22 Sep 2025)

  • Cement — 18%
  • Marble & granite (polished) — 18%
  • Paints & varnishes — 18%
  • Two-slab structure (5 / 18)
  • Lower material cost per project
What did NOT change

Steel TMT (18%), sand and gravel (5%), the brick special scheme (6% / 12%) and PVC pipes (18%) were already outside the 28% slab and are unchanged. The rate cuts mainly benefit projects that are cement, stone and paint heavy.

Trading in construction scrap, steel or stone? Get the full rate picture.

See GST on Steel →
The costly question

Can Builders Claim ITC on Materials?

For most builders the answer is no. Input tax credit on goods and services used to construct immovable property is blocked under Section 17(5)(d) of the CGST Act when the property is sold after completion. There are important exceptions.

ScenarioITC?Legal Basis
Builder selling completed flatsNoBlocked — Section 17(5)(d)
Under-construction flats (before completion certificate)PartialTaxable supply — proportionate ITC
Commercial building constructed for renting outYesUsed for taxable rental supply
Plant & machinery constructionYesP&M exception to 17(5)(d)
Residential property for self-useNoPersonal consumption — blocked

The Safari Retreats line of rulings has narrowed the "plant" exception — take advice before claiming.

Buying material as a builder? Watch the ITC block

A developer selling completed flats absorbs the 18% GST on cement, steel and tiles as an embedded cost — it cannot be recovered as ITC. This is why the rate cut on cement directly reduces project cost, and why classification errors on materials hit the bottom line.

Confused about blocked credit on construction inputs?

Read Blocked Credit Rules →
Labour + material

GST on Works Contract (Construction)

When a contractor supplies both labour and material for construction, it is a works contract — a composite supply of service, not a sale of goods. The rate depends on the project type, not on individual material rates.

Works Contract TypeGST RateNotes
Affordable housing (PMAY / notified scheme)12%Concessional rate for eligible units
Government civil works (roads, bridges)12%Specified government contracts
Commercial construction works contract18%Offices, malls, factories
Private residential construction18%Standard works-contract rate

Works-contract classification is fact-specific; confirm the notification applicable to your project.

  • GST registration for material supplier / contractor
  • Correct HSN & rate on every material
  • Tax invoice with HSN and rate
  • Works-contract vs goods-sale classification
  • ITC eligibility check (17(5)(d))
  • E-way bill for material movement
  • E-invoicing (if turnover applies)
  • GSTR-1 & GSTR-3B filing
  • ITC reconciliation on eligible inputs
  • Reverse charge on unregistered purchases
Government sourcesRates & notifications: gst.gov.in · CBIC rate finder: cbic-gst.gov.in · GST 2.0 rate cuts: 56th GST Council (3 Sep 2025), eff. 22 Sep 2025 · ITC block: Section 17(5)(d), CGST Act 2017
People also ask

Frequently Asked Questions

Rates & HSN
What is the GST rate on cement now?
Cement attracts 18% GST under HSN 2523, effective 22 September 2025. Under the GST 2.0 rate rationalisation, cement was cut from the earlier 28% slab to 18% to lower construction and housing costs. This applies to all types — Portland, white, aluminous, slag and blended cement.
Did GST on cement reduce from 28% to 18%?
Yes. The 56th GST Council meeting (3 September 2025) recommended cutting cement from 28% to 18%, and it took effect from 22 September 2025 under GST 2.0. Cement had been in the 28% slab since GST began in 2017, so this is a significant relief for the construction and real-estate sectors.
What is the GST rate on steel and TMT bars?
Steel TMT bars, rebars and structural steel (angles, channels, beams, wire rods) attract 18% GST under HSN 7213/7214. This rate was not changed by GST 2.0 — steel was already outside the 28% slab. It applies to all grades and diameters, including Fe 500 and Fe 550D.
What is the GST rate on tiles?
Ceramic, vitrified, porcelain and mosaic tiles attract 18% GST under HSN 6907 — floor and wall tiles alike. Any tiles that were earlier in the 28% slab moved to 18% under GST 2.0, so the ceramic-tile sector is uniformly at 18% from 22 September 2025.
What is the GST rate on marble and granite?
Polished/finished marble and granite slabs and tiles attract 18% GST under HSN 6802 — cut from the earlier 28% under GST 2.0. Rough/unprocessed marble and granite blocks attract a lower 5% GST. So the rate depends on whether the stone is raw (5%) or processed/polished (18%).
What is the GST rate on bricks?
Clay building bricks (HSN 6901) fall under the brick special composition scheme: 6% GST without input tax credit, or 12% GST with ITC. The GST Council continued this scheme under GST 2.0 (only sand-lime bricks were adjusted). Fly-ash bricks are 5% and AAC blocks 12%. The registration threshold for brick suppliers is ₹20 lakh.
What is the GST rate on sand and aggregate?
Natural sand, M-sand (HSN 2505) and gravel / crushed stone aggregate (HSN 2517) attract 5% GST. These rates were not changed by GST 2.0 — sand and aggregate were already in the 5% slab, keeping them the cheapest major inputs by rate.
What is the GST rate on paints?
Paints, varnishes, enamels and primers (HSN 3208/3209) attract 18% GST — cut from the earlier 28% slab under GST 2.0 from 22 September 2025. Wall putty and related finishing chemicals also generally fall at 18%.
What is the GST rate on plywood and PVC pipes?
Plywood and blockboard (HSN 4412) attract 18% GST. PVC pipes and fittings (HSN 3917) also attract 18% GST. Both are in the standard 18% slab and were not reduced under GST 2.0.
ITC & Builders
Can a builder claim ITC on construction materials?
Generally no. ITC on goods and services used to construct immovable property is blocked under Section 17(5)(d) of the CGST Act when the property is sold after receiving the completion certificate. ITC is available in exceptions — under-construction sales (proportionate), a commercial building constructed to be rented out, and plant-and-machinery construction.
Is ITC available on cement and steel for a rental commercial building?
Yes, in most cases. If a commercial building is constructed to be let out on rent (a taxable output supply of 18%), the ITC on cement, steel and other materials is generally available, subject to the Safari Retreats line of rulings. Take professional advice, as the "plant" exception has been narrowed.
Why does the cement rate cut matter if builders can't claim ITC?
Because a builder selling completed flats absorbs the GST on materials as an embedded cost — it cannot be recovered as ITC. A cut from 28% to 18% on cement therefore directly reduces the developer's cost base and, in turn, the cost of housing, rather than just being a pass-through credit.
Works Contract
What is the GST rate on a construction works contract?
A works contract (labour plus material) is a composite supply of service. Private residential and commercial construction is generally 18%. Affordable housing under notified schemes (e.g. PMAY) and specified government civil works (roads, bridges) attract a concessional 12%. The rate depends on the project, not on individual material rates.
Is buying material different from a works contract for GST?
Yes. Buying cement, steel or tiles as goods attracts the item-wise HSN rate (e.g. 18% on cement). When a contractor supplies both material and labour to build something, it becomes a works contract taxed as a service at the works-contract rate (12% or 18%), and the individual material rates no longer apply separately.
Registration & Compliance
When must a building material supplier register for GST?
A supplier of goods must register once aggregate turnover crosses ₹40 lakh (₹20 lakh in special-category states). For brick suppliers under the special scheme the threshold is ₹20 lakh. Suppliers making inter-state supplies generally must register regardless of turnover.
Is an e-way bill needed to transport building materials?
Yes. Movement of goods worth more than ₹50,000 (₹1 lakh in some states for intra-state) generally requires an e-way bill, and construction materials like cement, steel and tiles are commonly transported in bulk. The consignor must generate it with the correct HSN and value before dispatch.
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